Glossary

Rate of bits transmitted over a particular period of time on a specific channel.In video coding applications, video bit rate is determined by the number of the used bits per one second.For example: 1Mbps = 1Megabit (1 Million bits) per second.

Codecs are used to convert sound, speech or video signals from analog to digital code, and vice versa.They can be hardware based or software based and they vary in their performance and media quality they generate.Codecs are split into encoders, which encode analog data into a digital format, and to ...

Color sampling, or Chroma sub-sampling, is the practice of encoding images by reducing the input resolution for the chroma information. It is used in many video encoding schemes — both analog and digital.Since the human visual system is much more sensitive to variations in brightness (knows as Luma component) than ...

FPS stands for Frames Per Second. It indicates the rate of frames used in one second of video stream. The most common frame rate today for video communiation is 30 fps.

A term defining the size of the basic element of video content – the frame.Frame resolution describes the number of pixels on the horizontal and vertical axis of a video frame.There are several predefined popular acronyms for frame resolutions: CIF – 352×288, 4CIF – 704×576, D1 – 720×480 (NTSC) or ...

An Inter Frame (known also as an P-Frame) is a frame that is dependent on other frames, either Intra frames or Inter frames. To decode an Inter frame previous frames that it depends on are required.

In a coded video stream there are different frame types, according to their level of dependency.An Intra Frame (known also as an I-Frame) is a frame that is independent. As it is not dependent on any other frame in the stream, it can be decoded with no need of any ...

In video coding, frames are split into macroblocks (MBs), where each macroblock is in the size of 16x16 pixels. Each macroblock in a frame can have a different quantization level thus allowing the codec rate control engine to spread the coded bits relative to the texture complexity.

A term used to describe playback video on a PAL TV.In general, PAL refers to standard definition (SD) video with vertical resolution of up to 576 pixels and horizontal resolution of up to 720 pixels. PAL frame rate is 25 fps.PAL broadcasting can be found in Western Europe countries, Australia, ...

PSNR, an abbreviation of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio, a term used to describe objectively the quality of data, which is the result of decompressing encoded data. For example, the quality of a certain image in a video bit stream. PSNR is the ratio between the maximum possible power of a signal ...

Software or hardware device that enables video decompression. In general, a video decoder is used to reconstruct the video content from compressed data into a visible displayed format. For real time streaming network applications, the decoder is used to convert video packets sent over the network into video frames which ...

Software or hardware device that enables video compression. Generally, compression is used to reduce the size of the visual content, either for storage purposes or for streaming over a network channel (reduce bit rate). Video encoder performance and quality is being determined by the encoder complexitySee also: Video Decoder

Video Fast Update (VFU) is a mechanism in which a receiver requests a "refresh" from the sender, in case the video received is suspected to be corrupted (for instance, in case of a packet loss).In case of a VFU request, the sender will send a new Intra Frame, to serve ...